Wonder world of Trypillia Exhibition 2011
Wonder world of Trypillia in National museum of the history of Ukraine 2011
Wonder world of Trypillia
With Eneoloth age in Ukraine is connected expansion of the first metal – copper, and strengthening of agriculture and cattle-breeding. Most visible place among agricultural cultures of this time took the Trypillia archeological culture (mid VI – mid III thousand years BC), discovered by prominent archeologist V. V. Chvoika in 1893 during excavation on the Kyrylovski heights in Kyiv. Later he has studied the settlement near Trypillia
village in Kyivschyna, which gave the name of this culture.
The population of the Trypillia culture was placed on almost all territory of Right bank of modern Ukraine, and part of the Left bank. Today are known more then 2000 sites: settlements, fortified sites, burial grounds. The Trypillia settlements, located preferably in river valleys, accounted thousand habitants, situated by circles. The large proto-cities had exist, covering from 100 to 450 hectares area, just same had been giant settlements near villages of Cherkassy region: Maidanetske, Dobrovody, Nalliianky. The habitats were mainly on ground, one or two floors. The impression of Trypillia habitats are given by unique clay models, presented in the exposition.
The main activity of Trypillia peoples was arable agriculture. They had sow wheat, barley, millet, vetch, flax. For agriculture stone and horny mattock, flint-made sickles, stone grain-graters. The cattle-breeding took considerable place< and also hunting and fishing. The Trypillia peoples had different developed handcrafts: stone, bones processing, weaving, copper casting, high level of development rich pottery. The potter-masters made handmade ware by fascia method or by face-mould forming. Also existed production furnaces, discovered in Zhvanets village of Kmelnytsly region. A great centers of pottery were in Podniprovii, Pobzhii, Podnistrovii. Ware were decorated with deepened ornament or painting with mineral paints.
The religion formalism of Trypillia peoples was united with life-giving forces of Mother Nature. With the fertility cult connected anthropomorphic and zoomorphic statuettes. The figurines of women were executing the function of amulets, home fire protector, they were used during winter-spring rituals, connected with death and revival of nature. The Trypillia tribes social organization was grounded on patriarchal-clan relations. The burials were grounded and in tumulus with corpse laying and corpse burning rituals. The materials extracted from burial sites are witnessing about property and social stratification. Had appearing the symbols of tribes elders power – stone maces and copper axes. The Trypillai culture ceased to exist in first quarter of III thousand BC under pressure of more powerful cattle-breeding tribes, crisis of agricultural system and changing of natural-climate conditions. The reflection of ancient agricultural traditions are observing in modern Ukrainian culture.
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